2024年上海市普通高校春季招生统一文化考试（押题卷01）-英语试题+答案

2024-01-03·27页·1.9 M

2024 学年上海市高考押题卷 01

英语学科

（满分 115 分，考试时间 100 分钟）

I. Listening Comprehension(略)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.

For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use

one word that best fits each blank.

Trump says he’ll leave if Biden is certified

WASHINGTON — President Trump said Thursday that he will leave the White House if the electoral college

formalizes President-elect Joe Biden’s victory — even as he insisted such a decision would be a “mistake” — as he

spent his Thanksgiving renewing baseless claims that “massive fraud” and crooked officials in battleground states

caused his election defeat.

“Certainly I will. But you know that,” Trump said when ____1____ (ask) whether he would vacate the building,

allowing a peaceful transition of power in January. But Trump — taking questions Thursday for the first time since

election day —____2____ (insist) that “a lot of things” would happen between now and then that might alter the results.

The fact that a sitting

American president even had to address whether or not he would leave office after losing reelection underscores

the extent ____3____ Trump has smashed one convention after another over the last three weeks.

____4____ there is no evidence of the kind of considerable fraud Trump has been alleging that would affect the

outcome, he and his legal team have nonetheless been working to cast doubt on the integrity of the election and trying

to overturn voters’ will in ____5____ unprecedented breach of democratic norms.

Trump spoke to reporters in the White House’s ornate Diplomatic Reception Room after holding a teleconference

with U.S. military leaders stationed ____6____ the globe. He thanked them for their service and jokingly warned them

____7____ (not eat) too much turkey then turned to the election after ____8____ (end) the call. He repeated

grievances and angrily denounced officials in Georgia and Pennsylvania, two key swing states that helped give Biden

the win.

Trump claimed, despite the results, ____9____ this may not be his last Thanksgiving at the White House. And he

insisted that there had been “massive fraud,” _____10_____ state officials and international observers have said no

such evidence exists and Trump’s campaign has repeatedly failed in court.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note

that there is one word more than you need.

A.climate B.evolving C.announcement D.filed E.depending F.cuts

G.drafted H.terminated I. critical J. specified K. allow

Disney plans to lay off 4,000 more workers

The Walt Disney Co. announced plans to lay off 4,000 more workers in its theme parks division in California and

Florida because of the pandemic’s effect on the industry.

The ____11____ by the company was made in a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filing earlier this

week, saying 32,000 employees will be ____12____ in the first half of fiscal year 2021, which began last month. In

late September, Disney had already announced plans to terminate 28,000 theme park workers.

In the SEC document ____13____ on the eve of Thanksgiving Day, the company said it also put 37,000 employees

not scheduled for termination on furlough(休假) as a result of the pandemic.

“Due to the current ____14____, including COVID-19 impacts, and ____15____ environment in which we are

operating, the company has generated efficiency in its staffing, including limiting hiring to ____16____ business roles,

furloughs and reductions-in-force,” the document said. The company also said it may make more ____17____ in

spending such as reducing film and television content investments and additional furloughs and layoffs.

In Florida, the company has been limiting attendance at its parks and changing protocols(计划)to ____18____

for social distancing by limiting characters’ meet-and-greets.

The company has not ____19____ the number of workers who would be affected in its Orlando theme parks.

Disney’s parks closed in March as the pandemic started spreading in the United States. The Florida parks reopened in

the summer, but the California parks have yet to reopen _____20_____ on state and local government approvals.

III. Reading Comprehension (45%)

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in

each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Country diary: a chainsaw massacre in the alder woods

On an overcast, drizzly afternoon at Durham Wildlife Trust’s low Barns nature ____21____ alder provided the

brightest splash of color in the ____22____

A tree had been felled and sawn into ____23____. Chainsaw wounds on this species can look like a massacre,

because soon after the timber is cut, it turns a lurid shade of red, almost like blood, in stark contrast to the battleship-

grey bark, ____24____ those wounds, which briefly ____25____ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut

brown.

When this reserve was established half a century ago, around old gravel pits (采沙场), some moisture-loving

alders were planted to help ____26____ a bare, windswept site. Alder wood is one of the finest sources of charcoal,

and the plantation trees are old enough now to be coppiced, to produce barbecue fuel.

There is also an important natural alder wood here, created by a cataclysm almost two and a half centuries ago,

which led to the designation of the reserve as a site of special scientific interest.

The Great Flood of 1771 ____27____ Weardale, washing away bridges all the way to the coast. When the water

subsided, the course of the River Wear had ____28____ half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now

the reserve’s Long Alder Wood, the finest example of its kind in the region.

When it sometimes floods, this tangle of gnarled（苍劲嶙峋的） trees has a ____29____ of the Florida

Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it, with mossy, fallen trunks sinking back into the ooze (淤泥). Year round,

there are wonderful _____30_____ to watch birds from an embankment level with the tree canopy. This afternoon an

acrobatic flock of about 30 goldfinches（金翅雀）_____31_____ and chattered through the twigs, feeding on tiny

seeds that fall from the woody cones.

Sadly, since the mid-1990s, another_____32_____ has befallen this locally _____33_____ woodland: alder

dieback disease has killed around half the mature trees. Coppicing is leading to some regeneration, though in this

precious _____34_____ dead timber is allowed to lay where it falls, reserved for the needs of a _____35_____

community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers, rather than back-garden burger-flippers on summer evenings.

21. A. reserve B. preserve C. conserve D. deserve

22. A. scene B. view C. scope D. landscape

23. A. logs B. materials C. resources D. sources

24. A. Everlastingly B. Eventually C. Continually D. Sustainably

25. A. assemble B. present C. overcast D. resemble

26. A. rejuvenate B. revenge C. reform D. remain

27. A. gone through B. got through C. swept through D. cut through

28. A. changed B. shifted C. reversed D. revised

29. A. clue B. plot C. evidence D. hint

30. A. opportunities B. possibilities C. alternatives D. probabilities

31. A. schemed B. crawled C. bounced D. scattered

32. A. misfortune B. catastrophe C. setback D. adversity

33. A. unique B. peculiar C. especial D. particular

34. A. frontier B. territory C. habitat D. boundary

35. A. various B. versatile C. multiple D. diverse

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.

For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information

given in the passage you have read.

(A)

When experts ponder the future of automobiles. they tend to focus on two novel modes of transportation:

driverless cars and flying cars. At this years CES technology show in Las Vegas, Hyundai has introduced a third vision

for how vehicles might traverse the world around them ---one that does not rely solely on wheels.

More than 2,000 years after the wheelbarrows debut in classical Greece, ushering in a newer of locomotion.

Hyundai s latest concept car is designed to walk as easily as it rolls, Called Elevate, the daddy-long-legs-like machine

has wheels at the end of long robotic legs that would allow users to drive, walk or even climb over the most treacherous

terrain, according to the company

The company-which labels the machine a UMV, or ultimate mobility vehicle-said the concept was inspired by

the need for resilient transportation in disaster zones, where conventional vehicles are often rendered useless. When

a tsunami or earthquake hits, current rescue vehicles can only deliver first responders to the edge of the debris field,

John Suh, Hyundai vice president and head of Hyundai CRADLE, said in a statement on the company's website “

They have to go the rest of the way by foot. Elevate can drive to the scene and climb right over flood debris or crumbled

concrete. Suh added the vehicle's usefulness would not be limited to emergency situations. For people living with

disabilities without access to an ADA ramp, the statement said, an autonomous version of the Elevate could walk to a

front door and position itself so a wheelchair could “roll right in.”

How realistic is the Elevate concept?

David Bailey, a professor at Aston Business School in England, told the BBC that although concept cars may not

make it to the factory floor. they can help generate valuable new ideas. “For most of us, it's going to be wheels and

roads, but in extreme situations there may be scope for this sort of thing. Bailey said. “There may well be applications

in terms of emergency services--- but there are very big technological challenges to make this sort of thing.”

Hyundai's vision is undeniably ambitious. The company said it envisions being able to switch out different Elevate

body types for different situations. The vehicle is designed to use “both mammalian and reptilian walking gaits”, giving

it the ability to travel in any direction, the company said, noting the legs fold up into a stowed drive-mode to save

power.

Those legs. the company said, would be able to climb over a five- foot wall and step across a five-foot gap. A

concept video produced by Hyundai shows the vehicle performing a mixture of driving and walking. When the surface

is relatively flat, the vehicle tums to conventional wheels, but when the terrain grows craggy, the vehicle's wheels

appear to lock into place and its legs extend, taking synchronized steps forward.

When surrounded by massive chunks of concrete from what appears to be a collapsed structure, Elevate is shown

leveling itself on an incline so rescuers can load a stretcher inside. “Imagine a car stranded in a snow ditch just 10 feet

off the highway being able to walk or climb over the treacherous terrain, back to the road, potentially saving its injured

passengers---this is the future of vehicular mobility, said David Byron, industrial design manager at Sundberg-Ferar,

a Detroit-based design firm that partnered with Hyundai to create the Elevate.

36. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article about where Elevate can be used?

A. In a tsunami.

B. In an earthquake

C. In severe weather conditions

D. In some situations where the disabled need help

37. The underlined word terrain in the second paragraph from bottom probably mean

A. road B. geography

C. condition D. situation

38. Which can best explain why Elevate may have a promising future according to the text?

A. Because it can help disabled people better their life in many ways.

B. Because the research funds for this kind of car are available and sufficient.

C. Because it has a wide range of uses in many fields as well as in people’ life.

D. Because it is nothing but a technological challenge to make this sort of thing.

39. Which of the following best describes the authors main purpose in writing this article?

A. To introduce readers an interesting technological product.

B. To persuade readers to buy this kind of new product.

C. To entertain readers with this new product.

D. To explain to readers why the Elevates invention is difficult.

(B)

One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of

Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he

said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted

with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented

by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that

Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the

executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”

During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate

America to have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team

Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called

“Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined

their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40

workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government

agencies.

The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual

scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take

up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.

Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programs contain plenty of

Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of

Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading

of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and

becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying

“the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.

Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride,

which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions

for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?

40. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?

A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.

B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.

C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.

D. To warn executives against power misuse.

41. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. the Adelmans’ program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.

B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.

C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.

D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.

42. The best title for the passage is ________.

A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture.

B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success.

C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation.

D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results.

(C)

Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Europe and above all

Rome, as the culmination(终极) of their classical education Thus the idea of the Grand Tour was born, a practice which

introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next

300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period. Possible only for a privileged class the same that

produced gentlemen scientists’ authors antique experts and patrons of the arts.

The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough background in Greek and Latin literature as well

as some leisure time some means and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the

field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture. he was portrayed by his friend Anton

Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourist however stayed for briefer periods

and set out with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to

great masterpieces.

Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the end of the 18th century Grand Tourists often saw

paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections. and many were eager to acquire examples of

Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an

aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in Veneto and the evocative

ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.

43. What did Grand Tourists have in common?

A. They had much geographic knowledge.

B. They were versed in literature and interested in art.

C. They were courageous and venturesome.

D. They had enough travel and outdoor life experience.

44. How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?

A. They found inspiration in the world's greatest masterpieces.

B. They got a better understanding of early human civilization.

C. They developed an interest in the origin of modern art forms.

D. They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.

45. Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?

A. They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.

B. Europe hardly had any museums before 19th century.

C. They found the antiques there more valuable.

D. Private collections were of greater variety.

46. How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?

A. There appeared more and more Roman style buildings.

B. Many aristocrats began to move into Roman style villas.

C. Aristocrats' country houses all had Roman style gardens.

D. Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can

be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Evaluating Sources of Health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your

evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing

where and how to find relevant information, how to separate facts from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning,

and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. ____47____

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what

a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.

____48____

Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior contributes to or is associated with

an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. ____49____ Carefully read or listen

to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information

contained in advertisements. The goal of an ad is to sell you something. Evaluate scientific statements carefully, and

be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

____50____ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to

find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well

throughout your life.

A. Make choices that are right for you.

B. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

C. And examine the findings of the original research.

D. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

E. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author‘s point of view.

F. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more

than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species

together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for

millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing

streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,

and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.

There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them

to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any

major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper,

glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.

Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a

day.

Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but

nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed

or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or

are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies

are fooled into avoiding them.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

52. 在举目无亲的情况下，他不得不向警察们求助。(can’t help)（汉译英）

53. 规定每位小提琴手都必须演奏一首中国作品以弘扬中华文化。（require）

54. 毫无疑问在这个充满竞争的社会，保持幽默有助于减少压力并促进创造性思维。（contribute）

55. 我们应重视保持孩子学习与玩耍的平衡，正如一句老话说的那样：“只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变

傻。”(emphasis) （汉译英）

VI. Guided Writing:

56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三张华，在某报纸上看到一则报道，寒冬腊月，一名老人因不会使用手机扫描通信大数

据行程码，被公交车司机呵斥要求其下车。互联网的发展便利人们生活的同时，却让很多老年人无所适从，

就如何让银发族跨越“数字化”鸿沟的问题报社征集现广大读者的建议。请你写一封信给该报。在信中，你

必须：

1. 你对老年人“数字化”鸿沟的看法；

2. 就如何帮助老年人跨越“数字化”鸿沟提出建议。

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