2024年上海市普通高校春季招生统一文化考试（押题卷02）-英语试题+答案

2024-01-03·28页·2.7 M

2024 学年上海市高考押题卷 02

英语学科

（满分 115 分）

第 I 卷（共 75 分）

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.

For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use

one word that best fits each blank.

As more people across the world are encouraged to work from home, televised news, social media and online

forums ____1____(combine) can either be an enlightening or fear-mongering source of information.

____2____ social distancing now a thing, one can only look at their phone or laptop so many times a day for

accurate updates about the spread of COVID-19. Fortunately, a few tech enthusiasts are looking to make a contribution

____3____(eradicate) the spread of the virus, using an app backed by data from official health organizations and

medical institutes.

Rtr Nipuna Rambukkanage, President of The Rotary District 3220, noted that he and his team pondered over the

situation of the nation and came up with ____4____ they recognized as the ‘deal solution’ — a mobile application

system called ‘Track the Spread’.

The system can be used to support the Government to control COVID-19 by storing and analyzing details of the

quarantined persons, and the public health officials (PHI). PHIs can use their app to check the location of the

quarantined persons and monitor their activities. Health officials will get the opportunity ____5____ the ability to

monitor quarantined people without physically visiting them, give instructions and keep in touch with them.

The main challenge Rambukkanage and his team ____6____(face) in building ‘Track the Spread’ was in finding

talented undergraduates ____7____ reading degrees are related to Computer Science. They also needed to get the green

light from the Government to put this app into practice. After visiting the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Defence,

Medical Officers for Health and Public Health Inspectors. they finally triumphed on their well-deserved victory.

“We wanted to make the lives of people in quarantine easier, ____8____(provide) them various benefits because

people in quarantine have many needs and they need constant care. Therefore, we wanted to present them a mobile

application to fulfill their day-to-day needs such as banking, ordering medicine and checking their health status daily.

And the second objective was to reduce the risk of Public Health Inspectors ____9____ monitoring quarantined people.

To increase the effectiveness of their service, we wanted to provide them with a mobile application to effectively do

their investigations.

The team _____10_____(apply) for copyrights for the software system and are hoping to receive the copyrights

soon.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note

that there is one word more than you need.

A. tempting B. truly C. sensible D.inflation E. implement

F. innovation G. regulators H.liberalizing I.excessive J. leaves K. imposes

All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the

possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as

____11____ . The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, ____12____ ever more students to pile into law

schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.

There are many reasons for this. One is the ____13____ costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a

lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the

American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This ____14____ today’s average law-

school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. ____15____ ideas have been around for a

long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to ____16____ them. One

idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two

years of law school. If the bar exam is ____17____ a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it

earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Non-

lawyers may not own any share of a law firm, which keeps fees high and ____18____ slow. There is pressure for

change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the ____19____ insist that keeping outsiders out

of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,

by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers. After all, other countries, such as

Australia and Britain, have started _____20_____ their legal professions. America should follow.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in

each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Where's winter? A number of countries just witnessed their warmest January ever recorded.

It's not just you — January was ____21____ than usual for many parts of the world.The global temperature last

month was warmer than every previous January on record, just ____22____ out the previous record from January

2016, the Copernicus Climate Change Service reported.And in Europe, it was the warmest January ever recorded at

0.2C warmer than the previous record in 2007, theEuropean Union's system for ____23____ the Earth said.

The rise is even more ____24____ through the lens of history—____25____ to the average January temperature

in the pre-industrial years before the 20th century, it was about 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer.

Last month, temperatures in Europe were warmer than the 1981-2010 January average, especially over parts of

northern Europe, the report said. Some areas were more than 6C above the average, ____26____ overall, it was 3.1C

warmer than the average January in that time period.It also brought the warmest January day ever recorded in Norway,

which saw the second warmest January overall since 1900.And in Central and southern Finland, it was its warmest

January recorded since 1961.The heat wave ____27____ to several parts of Russia, too.Temperatures from east of

Greenland to the northwest of Svalbard were warmer, and had below-average sea-ice cover.

____28____, last year was 0.59C warmer than the 1981-2010 average. That's the second warmest year on record.

The warmest 12-month period remains October 2015 to September 2016, where it was 0.66C ____29____ 1981-2010.

Those averages are pushing global temperatures ____30____ to red lines set by both climate scientists and world

leaders. Scientists have ____31____ that global temperatures should be kept well below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees

Fahrenheit) of ____32____. The international community, as outlined through the Paris Climate Agreement, stated

that participating countries would ____33____ to keep global warming limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

But ____34____ with a rise since pre-industrial temperatures, last month's average is between 1.2 and 1.4 deg C

of warming — putting it near the Paris Climate Agreement's ____35____.

21. A. cooler B. rainier C. sunnier D. toastier

22. A. leaving B. edging C. finding D. checking

23. A. improving B. revealing C. monitoring D. changing

24. A. striking B. unique C. common D. realistic

25. A. contrast B. contrary C. subject D. compared

26. A. but B. and C. or D. furthermore

27. A. moved B. occurred C. extended D. stuck

28. A. internally B. globally C. partially D. immediately

29. A. below B. between C. about D. above

30. A. close B. inferior C. limited D. expanded

31. A. assumed B. predicted C. warned D. argued

32. A. declining B. warning C. changing D. decreasing

33. A. object B. contribute C. devote D. strive

34. A. coupled B. littered C. packed D. matched

35. A. regulation B. standard C. ceiling D. norm

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.

For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the

information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next

presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a

University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or

day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering

— have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.

This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The

Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually

raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost

productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium

term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking

education and job training. Curriculums — from grammar school to college — should evolve to focus less on

memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of

fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the

traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will

be able to do so without going into debt.

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism:

Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed

the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality

haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the

safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned

income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation,

and reduce inequality.

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to

those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs

would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

36. what does the underlined word “their” in the second paragraph refer to?

A. Low-income workers. B. Robot owners.

C. Robots. D. Researchers of the study.

37. Which of the following is true?

A. All jobs will be threatened by the coming of robots.

B. Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.

C. Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.

D. Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.

38. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_______.

A. innovative potential B. job-hunting skills

C. communication skills D. cooperative spirit

39. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at .

A. encouraging the development of automation B. boosting incomes

C. easing the hostility between rich and poor D. bridging the income gap

(B)

THE WORLD’S RAREST LEOPARD

THESE BIG CATS GET A NEW CHANCE AT SURVIVAL.

Slowly stalking down the snowy hillside, the Amur leopard watches its prey

through the trees. In the clearing below, a sika deer munches on tree bark, one of

its few remaining food sources during the cold Russian winter. The leopard

crouches, its body so low to the ground that its belly fur brushes the snow.

Suddenly it bounds and springs forward, tackling the deer from 10 feet away. With

a deadly combination of speed, strength, and stealth, the Amur leopard seems like

it has everything it needs for survival. But not long ago — after decades of habitat

loss and poaching — these endangered cats almost went extinct. Thanks in part to a newly established national park,

however, Amur leopards are clawing their way back from the brink.

Disappearing Act

Most people think of leopards prowling African

savannas, but the spotted predators are found in many

different countries and habitats. They’ve adjusted to life

in grasslands, jungles, deserts, and freezing, hilly

landscapes. It’s there — along the Russian-Chinese

border — that Amur leopards live, adapting to their chilly

climate with bushier fur and longer legs to trudge through

the deep snow.

Although Amur leopards thrive in freezing

temperatures, by the late 20th century the human population moving into their habitat shrunk their California-size

range by a huge 98 percent, trapping the animals in a stretch of land less than half the size of Puerto Rico. Poachers

roamed the space that remained, killing the cats to sell their coats. In 2000, conservationists were stunned when a new

count of Amur leopards estimated that only 30 were left in the world (though it was based on a study done by counting

tracks, which isn’t the most reliable method). “These animals were going extinct,” biologist Dale Miquelle says. “Some

of us were afraid it was too late to save them.”

Their solution? A new national park dedicated to protecting the endangered cat. But first, scientists had to

convince the government that this was something worth doing — and that it could be done.

40. In paragraph 1, the Amur Leopard will be almost extinct because ________.

A. the sika deer had moved their habitat to snowy hillside

B. human have hunted the leopard for decade

C. they can’t endure the chilly cold environment

D. the national park established

41. According to this passage, what does the “spotted predators” mean?

A. The leopards. B. Human beings. C. The poachers. D. Leopards’ nature enemies.

42. What is the biologists’ attitude to the disappearing of the leopard?

A. It’s too late to save them.

B. They should convince the government to get human far from the habitat.

C. They should hurry to establish a national park.

D. They should let the government legislate to stop poaching.

(C)

“The dangerous thing about lying is people don't understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioral

psychologist and Duke university. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some

experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated

planning, attention and ability to see a situation from someone else's perspective to manipulate them. But, for most

people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.

Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects

a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood

flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they

showed increased activity in their frontal perietal (颅腔壁的) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex

thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty — and ultimately opting for the latter.

For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural rewards centers were more active when they won money

were also more likely to be among the group of liars — suggesting that suggesting that lying may have to do with the

inability to resist temptation.

External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows,

when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued to see others being dishonest. And we are less

likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand

that, when we don't punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says.

In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters

people's brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst

of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional

response — including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a

game in which they won many by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began

to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even

more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with

little lie which get bigger over time.

43. Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child’s development?

A. It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.

B. It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.

C. It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.

D. It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.

44. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?

A. It is hard to choose from several options. B. It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.

C. It requires speedy blood flow into one’s brain. D. It involves lots of complex mental activity.

45. Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?

A. When they become too emotional. B. When they face too much peer pressure.

C. When the temptation is too strong. D. When the consequences are not to happen soon.

46. What does they author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?

A. They may feel justified. B. They will tell big lies.

C. They will become satisfied with themselves. D. They will confuse lies and truths.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can

be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

First Impressions Count

Traditionally uniforms were — and for some industries still are — manufactured to protect the worker. When

they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, for example,

were originally intended to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms denoted a hierarchy.

____47____. Particularly in “customer facing” industries, and especially in financial services and retailing. From

uniforms and workwear has emerged “corporate clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors,” says Peter

Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is

terribly important.” The result is a new way of looking at corporate workwear. From being a simple means of

identifying who is a member of the staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.

Truly effective marketing through visual cues such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. Wittingly or unwittingly,

how we look sends all sorts of powerful subliminal messages to other people. Dark colors give an aura of authority

while lighter pastel shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism, others a sense

of openness to new ideas. ____48____.

A successful uniform needs to balance two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if the staff

feel uncomfortable or ugly. Giving the wearers a choice has become a key element in the way corporate clothing is

introduced and managed. On the other, it is pointless if the look doesn’t express the business’s marketing strategy.

____49____.When it comes to human perceptions, first impressions count. Customers will size up the way the staff

look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will color their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so

important that big companies are prepared to invest years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.

____50____. Some banks have yet to introduce a full corporate look; police forces are researching a completely

new look for the 21st century. And many employees now welcome a company wardrobe. A recent survey of the staff

found that 90 percent welcomed having clothing which reflected the corporate identity.

A. Chefs wore white because they work with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he supervised

B. Huge investments have been made in new systems, information technology and amassing quality assurance

accreditations

C. The greatest challenge in this respect is time

D. Neatness can suggest efficiency but, if it is overdone, it can spill over and indicate an obsession with power

E. Corporate clothing does have potential for further growth

F. The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing emphasis on their role in protecting the image of an organization

and in uniting the workforce into a homogeneous unit

IV. Summary Writing

51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more

than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Mulan — A Well-known Tale Gets A New Movie

Disney’s 1998 animated movie Mulan has become a classic. With its fun music, it has something for everyone.

But this year the classic story is getting a makeover. Mulan is the latest animated Disney movie to be made into a live-

action film.

The movie tells the story of a young Chinese woman named Mulan. When China is in danger, the emperor orders

one man from every household to join the army. Mulan disguises herself as a man so that she can fight instead of her

aging father.

There will be some changes to the characters and the plot in this new movie. In the original Disney movie, Mulan

falls in love with her captain, Li Shang. The new movie will give Mulan a new love interest, who is another soldier.

Her commander, a separate character, will be a mentor to her. The new film also gives her a sister, which was not the

case in the original.

At first the new Mulan’s director, Niki Caro, said that there would be no songs in her movie. But after complaints

from fans, she said that music would play some role in the movie. Most likely instruments will play some of the more

well-known pieces. But the cast probably won’t sing them, and some familiar songs may be missing altogether.

Mulan’s helper, the small dragon Mushu, may be missing from the live-action movie as well. There is talk that

he is being replaced by the phoenix, another legendary animal that plays a role in Chinese culture. As of now, it is

guarded secret!

Since Mulan takes place in China and is a traditional Chinese actress Liu Yifei, and the movie will also feature

Donnie Yen and Jet Li.

Fans of original movie are eagerly waiting to see this new take on a classic story. Hopefully the new movie will

meet their expectations.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

第 II 卷（共 40 分）

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

52. 许多人认为减肥的关键是不吃任何垃圾食品。(cut)（汉译英）

53. 南非有许多野生动物，难怪是动物爱好者的乐园，所以高考后我和同学们要去那里游玩。（汉译英）

54. 共有三支队伍提出的解决方法获得了评委们的青睐，我们代表葡萄牙队，即为其中之一。（汉译英）

55. 《你好，李焕英》这部以母女关系为题材的影片一经播出就大受欢迎，成为票房第一的春节档电影。

（rank）（汉译英）

VI. Guided Writing

56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是市西高中的王丽。过完今年的暑假你将迎来大学生活。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑假到当地

实验小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据提示写给校评选组一封申请信：1.对此活动的认识

（如对本人，学生和社会的益处）；2.个人优势（如性格，独立生活能力，语言能力等）；3.你的计划（如怎

样做等）。